THE ESSENCE AND CONTENT OF THE CONCEPTS OF “INDEPENDENT LEARNING” AND “INDEPENDENT WORK”
Keywords:
independent learning, independent work, cognitive activity, zone of proximal development, intrinsic motivation, reflection, subject-subject relationship.Abstract
This article analyzes the pedagogical and psychological aspects of the concepts of “independent learning” and “independent work,” which are of great importance in the higher education system. Based on the scientific approaches of international and local scholars, the differences and similarities between these two concepts, as well as their role in the professional development of students, are examined.
References
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5847 dated October 8, 2019, “On Approval of the Concept for the Development of the Higher Education System of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030.”
2. Criteria for Organizing and Assessing Independent Learning. Methodological Guide. Tashkent: Yetakchi Publishing House, 2024, p. 3.
3. Pidkasisty, P. I. Independent Cognitive Activity of Schoolchildren in Learning: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. Moscow: Pedagogika, 1980. – 240 p.
4. Juraev, R. Kh. Pedagogical Foundations of Organizing Independent Learning under the Conditions of Modernization of the Educational Process // Modern Education. Tashkent, 2014. – No. 5. – pp. 12–18.
5. Khodjaev, B. Kh. Theory and Practice of General Pedagogy: Study Guide (or Textbook). Tashkent: “Sano-standart” Publishing House, 2017. – 416 p.
6. Vygotsky, L. S. Thinking and Speech (in: Development of Higher Mental Functions). Moscow: Publishing House of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, 1960.
7. G‘oziev, E. E. Psychology of Higher School. Tashkent: “O‘qituvchi”, 1997. – 208 p.
8. Davletshin, M. G., Tuychieva, S. M., et al. Developmental Stages and Educational Psychology. (Also: the author’s “General Psychology”). Tashkent: TDPU, 2002.
9. Musurmonova, O. Pedagogical Foundations of Developing the Moral Culture of Upper Secondary School Students (Youth). Monograph / Doctoral Dissertation. Tashkent: “Fan”, 1993.
Source notes corresponding to the citations in the text:
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 8, 2019, No. PF-5847.
2. Criteria for Organizing and Assessing Independent Learning. Methodological Guide. Tashkent: Yetakchi Publishing House, 2024, p. 3.
3. Pidkasisty, P. I. Independent Cognitive Activity of Schoolchildren in Learning: A Theoretical and Experimental Study. Moscow: Pedagogika, 1980. – 240 p.
4. Juraev, R. Kh. Pedagogical Foundations of Organizing Independent Learning under the Conditions of Modernization of the Educational Process // Modern Education. Tashkent, 2014. – No. 5. – pp. 12–18.
5. Khodjaev, B. Kh. Theory and Practice of General Pedagogy: Study Guide (or Textbook). Tashkent: “Sano-standart” Publishing House, 2017. – 416 p.
6. Vygotsky, L. S. Thinking and Speech (in: Development of Higher Mental Functions). Moscow: Publishing House of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, 1960.
7. G‘oziev, E. E. Psychology of Higher School. Tashkent: “O‘qituvchi”, 1997. – 208 p.
8. Davletshin, M. G., Tuychieva, S. M., et al. Developmental Stages and Educational Psychology. (Also: the author’s “General Psychology”). Tashkent: TDPU, 2002.
9. Musurmonova, O. Pedagogical Foundations of Developing the Moral Culture of Upper Secondary School Students (Youth). Monograph / Doctoral Dissertation. Tashkent: “Fan”, 1993.
